My research question is how religion shapes Nirmal’s perspectives and practices on the environmental crisis and the benefits and disadvantages it brings for the environmental crisis?

Bora, Zélia, and S. Murali, editors. Narratives of Environmental Challenges in Brazil and India : Losing Nature. Lexington Books, 2019.

https://cuny-hc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUNY_HC/m880uq/alma9994445181906133 

Sumati, Yadav. (PDF) The Hungry Tide: Climate Sustainability En Route from Ancient Texts to Modern Fiction to Humanity, www.researchgate.net/publication/321171688_THE_HUNGRY_TIDE_CLIMATE_SUSTAINABILITY_EN_ROUTE_FROM_ANCIENT_TEXTS_TO_MODERN_FICTION_TO_HUMANITY.  

Umadevi, V. “INTRICACIES OF MYTH AND CULTURE IN THE HUNGRY TIDE: A STUDY ON ISLAND LITERATURE.” LITERARY ENDEAVOUR: 282. https://literaryendeavour.org/special-issues/SE-Jul-2018.pdf#page=295 

Misra, Maitrayee. “Bonbibi and Cetology: The Confluence of the Mythic and the Scientific in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide.” Re-Thinking Environment: 176. (Chapter 16). https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55828361/Re-Thinking_Environment_final_draftR_revised-libre.pdf?1518897402=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DRe_Thinking_Environment_Literature_Ethic.pdf&Expires=1731987809&Signature=VEkz4rXjnbjji3mUZW6P4rMN6Ef0wL0BOqkTBOpd7Xeq2XTGpsM4GIkPgcoprFRMv2a6NxBs6p1ozNqL8n5iOuzr-~ASKL0h2CvBVWRmrS8B4uNEkOwwPGjaZcU7B5QMH8i2e84NSl0RxKDURq4NAB8O75CLPc~2whtElZWWisCmziexcayMckijI67cdVr6Zly4Z9RAuVhmrNPYSVbZn6OaT2IHnjxKZaOjScmOyJOGZ5gDPDG7Bz9HjbptKIYDHZfoV8RgMDc5Mba1P0zJ4XFKF4kUUJjA4yOZu7xgmW5YlHa~lTPnylV06TcGqLN001gLWA3Wy6b5K0c~TKRFyw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=176 

Edited by Dr. Nandini Choudhury and Dr.  Saba Anish, Siddhanta The Conclusions, Vol. III, Myths Revisited and Retold,

http://jbcollege.digitallibrary.co.in/bitstream/123456789/17/1/Layout%20Setting%20File.pdf#page=78 

I use Google Scholar and Hunter Library for my search.

I found the articles I wanted to use through JSTOR to make sure they were peer-reviewed. I used key words like community, parable of the sower, and resilience to try to find articles that I could use for my paper. All these articles I chose have aspects and quotes I believe I can use.

Gilmore, Dorcas R., and Diane M. Standaert. “Building Community Resilience Post-Disaster: An Introduction.” Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law, vol. 22, no. 1, 2013, pp. 61–65. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24389805. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.

Phillips, Jerry. “The Intuition of the Future: Utopia and Catastrophe in Octavia Butler’s ‘Parable of the Sower.’” NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction, vol. 35, no. 2/3, 2002, pp. 299–311. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1346188. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.

Nilges, Mathias. “‘We Need the Stars’: Change, Community, and the Absent Father in Octavia Butler’s ‘Parable of the Sower’ and ‘Parable of the Talents.’” Callaloo, vol. 32, no. 4, 2009, pp. 1332–52. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27743152. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.

Texter, Douglas W. “Of Gifted Children and Gated Communities: Paul Theroux’s O-Zone and Octavia Butler’s The Parable of the Sower.” Utopian Studies, vol. 19, no. 3, 2008, pp. 457–84. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20719921. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.

Hampton, Gregory J. “MIGRATION AND CAPITAL OF THE BODY: OCTAVIA BUTLER’S ‘PARABLE OF THE SOWER.’” CLA Journal, vol. 49, no. 1, 2005, pp. 56–73. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44325296. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.

Research Question: Through Fokir’s fate and relationships with other characters in The Hungry Tide, what does Ghosh imply about the importance of the subaltern, and to the extent to which they may be autonomous entities with the potential to ever be understood wholly by the “other”, and what implications would this (in)ability have in an environment as hostile as the Sundarbans–a setting also alluding to the world beyond the narrated India?

Bibliography:

Jaising, Shakti. “Fixity amid flux: Aesthetics and environmentalism in Amitav Ghosh’s The hungry tide.” Ariel: A Review of International English Literature, vol. 46, no. 4, Oct. 2015, pp. 63–88, https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2015.0028. 

Murphy, Patrick D. “Community resilience and the cosmopolitan role in the environmental challenge-response novels of Ghosh, grace, and Sinha.” Comparative Literature Studies, vol. 50, no. 1, 1 Feb. 2013, pp. 148–168, https://doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.50.1.0148. 

Pirzadeh, Saba. “Persecution vs. protection: Examining the pernicious politics of environmental conservation in The Hungry Tide.” South Asian Review, vol. 36, no. 2, Nov. 2015, pp. 107–120, https://doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2015.11933020. 

Thieme, John. “‘out of place’? the poetics of space in Amitav Ghosh’s The hungry tide and Michael Ondaatje’s.” Commonwealth Essays and Studies, vol. 31, no. 2, 1 Apr. 2009, pp. 32–43, https://doi.org/10.4000/ces.8870. 

Vincent, Suhasini. “An eco-critical analysis of climate change and the unthinkable in Amitav Ghosh’s fiction and non-fiction.” Humanities, vol. 7, no. 2, 7 June 2018, p. 59, https://doi.org/10.3390/h7020059.

How is Fokir devalued by the others around him in the novel and how does Ghosh use The hungry tide to display his value and show him as the postmodern canny?

Lekshmy, C. S. A. “Spatial Literary Theory in Amitav Ghosh’s the Hungry Tide.” New Literaria, vol. 4, no. 1, 2023, pp. 68-73. ProQuest, http://proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/spatial-literary-theory-amitav-ghoshs-hungry-tide/docview/2778533488/se-2, doi:https://doi.org/10.48189/nl.2023.v04i1.009.

“Article on Amitav Ghosh, ‘The Hungry Tide.’” Dr Christopher Rollason: BILINGUAL CULTURE BLOG – ENGLISH/SPANISH – CASTELLANO/INGLÉS, 5 Feb. 2006, https://rollason.wordpress.com/2006/02/05/article-on-amitav-ghosh-the-hungry-tide/.

How do Lauren’s experiences with other survivors in Parable of the Sower challenge/reinforce the concept of individualism vs collectivism in the context of a post-apocalyptic world?

Bibliography MLA Format

ANDRÉOLLE, DONNA SPALDING. “Utopias of Old, Solutions for the New Millennium: A Comparative Study of Christian Fundamentalism in M.K. Wren’s A Gift Upon the Shore and Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower.” Utopian Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, 2001, pp. 114–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20718319. Accessed 18 Nov. 2024.

Ballard, Rebecca McWilliams Ojala, et al. “Collectivism as Adaptation in Climate Fiction.” ISLE Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, July 2023,

Jones, Tiffany. “Challenging Ignorance and Individualism: Self-Reliance in Parable of the Sower.” Tiffany’s Takeover, 2024, https://tiffanystakeover.home.blog/challenging-ignorance-and-individualism-self-reliance-in-parable-of-the-sower/. Accessed 18 Nov. 2024.

Nilges, Mathias. ““We Need the Stars”: Change, Community, and the Absent Father in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents.” Callaloo, vol. 32 no. 4, 2009, p. 1332-1352. Project MUSE, https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0553.

“Parable of the Sower.” Read & Respond, University of Tromsø, https://site.uit.no/readrespond/parable-of-the-sower/.

Velvetromanticism. “Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower: My Earthseed.” Medium, 22 Aug. 2020, https://medium.com/@velvetromanticism/octavia-butlers-parable-of-the-sower-my-earthseed-eea0642c54eb.